Knowing what a copper moonshine still is good for, people who distill alcohol at home no longer think about what type of unit is best for this. Copper adds some flavor to the distilled alcohol, this is an additional factor that determines the purchase of copper devices.

Content

1. Brief description of the design
2. The virtues of copper
3. Portuguese type apparatus

1 Brief description of the design

Currently on the market there are a large number of moonshine still made of copper. Many firms sell devices of the Portuguese or Spanish type, which are actually made either in Russia or in the CIS countries. There are also devices of European production, but they are expensive and do not differ qualitatively from domestic products.

One of the most important details to look out for when buying is what kind of copper the copper moonshine is made of. Some firms produce units as a souvenir that are not intended for work, others make copper products for their intended use. The difference between these devices is significant - they use different copper. For food purposes, copper products are made from a special copper alloy, which differs from technical alloys. If you make an apparatus of their technical copper, you can get serious poisoning, so it is not recommended to make a copper moonshine still with your own hands.

Which is better - copper or stainless steel?

Any distillation unit includes a distillation cube. A stainless steel cube is quite common and is a common container in which heating elements are often installed for heating. Less common is the copper cube, since it has a higher cost, then not every moonshiner can afford it. At the same time, heating elements cannot be installed in copper cubes, heating is carried out only on open fire... Some stainless steel cubes also do not have heating elements, but in most cases they are installed, since they reduce energy consumption for heating. In this case, the copper must be tinned with silver from the inside of the cube, otherwise acetates will be released into the liquid. This applies not only to the distillation cube, but also to other parts of the apparatus.

Each distillation cube should have a cover with holes for installing a thermometer and connecting a coil, in some cases people do without a thermometer, which does not require cutting a hole for it.

Distillation cube cover

• Types of moonshine stills
• Moonshine & Dr. Huber & - the pros and cons of the popular design
• Distiller & Village Magarych & - about the pros and cons of an unpretentious device

The next important part is the coil, which is strongly recommended to be made of stainless steel, not copper, since when steam with a high temperature passes through the coil, acetates will definitely be released.

The cooler can be made of any material, since it is a container in which the coil is placed. The presence of a copper cooler will give the device a more expensive and sophisticated appearance.

Another important part is the dephlegmator tube. This piece of tube is installed in the cube lid and is an adapter between the lid and the coil.

One of the desirable and important parts of the apparatus is the dry steam chamber. This is an intermediate tank that is installed between two coils. It allows you to prevent mash from getting into the finished product, in addition, heavy fusel oils accumulate in this container, which allows you to get a better product. Also, the device can have various clamps for holding covers, coils, etc.

2 Advantages of copper

Consider the advantages of a copper moonshine still. These include the following:

1. The copper surface has the ability to act as a sorbent, which makes it possible to exclude a cloudy and bad-smelling liquid instead of moonshine.
2. Another important property that copper has is the ability to absorb sulfur oxides that will be released during home brewing.
3. Copper coil can significantly reduce emissions fusel oils into the finished liquid, which makes it possible to abandon secondary distillation and simplify the purification system. This is primarily due to the fact that copper has higher heat transfer rates, which makes it possible to quickly cool the vapors, respectively, fusel oils settle first at the beginning of the coil passage.
4. A bonus that a copper apparatus has is that this material does not allow fat to enter the finished liquid, which also increases taste qualities product.

Moonshine still made of copper

All of the above positive qualities are available only in copper, they are completely devoid of stainless steel. However, it should be remembered that copper that is not tinned with silver (technical) is extremely hazardous to health, since it releases poisons into the distilled liquid. If there is a desire to have a copper moonshine still, then you should purchase it from firms that produce them from food grade copper, and not do it yourself.

3 Portuguese type apparatus

Such devices are usually called alambics. These devices have recently become widespread, since they allow you to obtain self-made natural alcoholic beverages, from ordinary moonshine to whiskey, brandy and cognac. Especially now, when there is a fashion for "handmade" in Europe, which affects not only clothes, but also alcoholic beverages.

This device is called Portuguese, since the first such designs began to be made in this country. They were originally used to create essential oils, special scented flower water (which was used instead of perfume), etc.

The first brew that was distilled on this apparatus was grape, which remained from the production of wine.

At the moment, these units are manufactured by a number of companies, including Russian ones, they are forged from food grade copper, which is of the highest quality. The main difference between these devices is the shape of the joints, the volume of the distillation still, etc. At the same time, devices of the Spanish type have a cube in the shape of an elongated cylinder, and the Portuguese ones have the shape of an oval pot.

Portuguese copper alambic

The design of the alambiks allows you to avoid the release of steam and fusel oils or mash outside, which ensures a better and safer brewing process. In addition, such devices have a beautiful design that resembles antique utensils, which makes them a pleasant gift.

To look after copper alambic it is quite simple even for people who do not have the skills to operate these devices. Anyone can learn to use this apparatus, since a primitive design excludes an error. Any open source of fire can be used to heat the cube - a gas stove, wood, coal, etc. Coil cooling water can be easily changed during the cooking process.

Any such device has the following components:

• distillation cube in the form of a boiler (all joints are made with silver soldering, which guarantees tightness);
• a dome-shaped lid (it acts as a dephlegmator, which allows you to get rid of this device and separates the liquid well during fractional distillation);
• tube (designed for steam removal and connected to the lid and the coil), the cooling tank with the coil.

When purchasing such a device, many companies provide a significant warranty period, which is often 5 years or more.

Such a device will allow you to create high-quality alcoholic drinks that are made from natural ingredients, and there is an opportunity to choose the components to your liking.

Moonshine still made of copper began to be made a long time ago. Moreover, all the details were made from this metal, without exception. According to connoisseurs of the true taste of alcohol, it is the copper surface that makes it possible to achieve a special taste of the drink, saturates it with unusual shades. This is confirmed by French experts. The unit itself has a high level of strength.

Modern apparatus made of copper

A modification of a device such as a copper moonshine still has undergone some changes these days. The design is divided into separate components. She received the name "alambik". Such units are inherent in the original design. Often they are done by hand.

There are models that include a range of materials. For example, along with copper, stainless steel and glass are used. Quite often there is a device where only a tube and a dome are made of metal.

A moonshine made of copper, reviews of which are mostly positive, has the highest cost. Especially in comparison with economical options made from scrap materials with your own hands.

What drinks do copper moonshine still produce?

A copper moonshine still designed for the production of wine, whiskey, Calvados and many other beverages of a high category and quality. Alcohol often has a non-standard taste. Alcohol can be of different strengths.

Features of the copper fixture

What are the distinguishing features of such a unit? Alcohol production equipment differs not only in appearance, but also in its technological and chemical processes occurring in the manufacture of the drink.

A copper moonshine still has the following characteristics:

• High level of thermal conductivity. It affects the performance of the unit and quality characteristics the resulting product at the exit. Since the steam is cooled better, the distillation rate also increases. The consumption of water volume and the content of related compounds are reduced.
• The device is characterized by reliable operation and strength. Copper practically does not wear out. The manufacturers themselves guarantee a long service life of the unit. If the device is assembled by hand, then its durability may be different. It all depends on the skill level of the manufacturer, the thickness of the metal used and some other indicators.
• Rust resistant.
• Aroma conversion and purification of some compounds. The taste in a copper fixture is richer. Many experts speak about this. This is explained by the fact that copper is able to absorb sulfur oxide, which gives off a very unpleasant odor when making such a drink as mash. It can be noted that the metal dissolves some fatty acids.
• The rate of infusion in copper is much higher.
• Copper units are characterized by a high level of safety.
• Other compounds are not mixed into the drink itself, which violate its chemical composition and strength.
• No side effects are observed during indoor operation.

What does a copper apparatus look like?

It is not at all similar to similar devices made of a different material. They are usually made of stainless steel and tanks. The equipment has decorative elements. The device can be built with your own hands, have grace and compactness.

Some foreign manufacturers produce similar units. They got the name "alambik". The devices have a high level of performance. They are distinguished by different design performance. The surface of such devices is carefully polished. Finished products can be purchased using online stores.

The price for exclusive appliances is quite high. For example, in Portugal there are craftsmen who make apparatus using the old method. The metal is subject to careful selection, and the soldering is done with silver.

As a rule, aggregates of a mixed configuration are used more often, They use a copper tube, and the main parts are made of stainless steel and special plastic.

There is an opinion that copper is not suitable for food purposes and, despite the reliability of this metal, it can be harmful to the human body. Nevertheless, many firms produce devices made entirely of it, and statistics do not confirm the damage to health from it.

Self-production

Many people wonder how to make a copper moonshine still with their own hands. It is worth noting that it is better to purchase such a device ready-made. A person who is not endowed with special knowledge and experience is not able to assemble such a structure on his own. For those who still want to try to make a copper moonshine still with their own hands, there are a number of important recommendations.

Design

In the manufacture of the unit, a project is required, which will indicate how much the device will have, and therefore what the approximate level of performance. It is important to consider all the cash costs associated with production. This is the purchase of copper sheets and auxiliary material with the presence of silver for soldering. You will need special tools for working with metal.

Drawing

It is not recommended to draw up a drawing of the apparatus on your own, since special skills are required here. The device diagram exists in a ready-made version.

Pattern of details

The thickness of the copper sheet is 1 mm. The outlines of future details are applied to it. It is necessary to collect and the cooling element for distillation of alcohol. All parts are cut. This can be done using metal scissors or a circular saw. You should also make a pipe blank, into which the cooler coil will be placed.

Machining and rounding parts

It is believed that working with copper requires experience, since the metal is difficult to shape. This step requires working with tools such as a hammer, scissors, and mallet.

Soldering

Perseverance and accuracy are required here. All parts should be assembled not only in a certain sequence, but also correctly soldered. The manufacturer does not always have a silver-based brazing material. Lead acts as an analogue, but it does not have the required strength. This is due to the characteristics of the metal, which can hardly tolerate temperature changes and mechanical stress. The apparatus can be polished for attractiveness.

Making a copper coil

What should the coil of such a device as a moonshine still be made of? Does copper or stainless steel have higher functionality? The copper coil is superior in performance to similar devices. In addition, the fact is taken into account that at a high temperature, such a part will not react with alcohol.

Making a coil with your own hands

The coil is considered a very important part. To make it, you need a copper pipe, as well as a large pipe onto which it will be screwed. This will give it a shape. In order for the shape of the pipe to be broken, it is stuffed with sand or another sealant. After that, you can start winding with the required distance. At the end of the process, the other end of the tube should be secured. After that, the pipe is freed from sand or other material.

It should be noted that the tube with the coil will be located in the cooling tube. Therefore, you should take into account its diameter in advance. After the end of work, the coil is placed in the refrigerator. Holes are made in it and plugs are placed. The surface is sealed to prevent liquid leakage from it.

Making a dry pot

Moonshine stills made of copper with a steamer have a more complete design.

Sukhoparnik (dephlegmator or cube) is not a mandatory component. The part is connected by means of pipes to the distillation cube and the coil. It serves for the physical cleaning of alcohol from harmful impurities.

The configuration of a home-made dephlegmator can be unified.

You will need:

• a three-liter jar with a metal lid, which must be tightly closed;
• two fittings with external thread;
• two nuts;
• marker;
• heat resistant glue;
• awl.

Step-by-step instructions for making a dry greenhouse

• At the joints, the diameters of the holes are drawn. The fittings are attached to the lid and outlined with a marker.
• Holes are made. They drive an awl along the drawn lines until the jar of the lid is wiped through.
• The fittings are fastened with nuts. In order to create a high level of tightness, the holes are processed with glue.
• The suction vessel is hermetically connected to the coil and the cube.

Conclusion

Make a moonshine still out of copper with your own hands or purchase a ready-made copy - each person decides for himself. Several decades ago, such a unit was really better to assemble. For this purpose, pots, juicers, aluminum jars and even glass cubes were used.

Today, for lovers of exclusive products, there are home-made moonshine still made of copper, which are inherent in the original performance.

Currently, the production of alcohol is undergoing significant changes. If previously finished copper devices were presented by foreign firms, today you can find units of domestic production on the market.

The buyer now has the opportunity to choose models from a wide range. They vary in price, volume and performance level. A warranty card is provided for the finished product. You can also get the advice you need on the use and care of your appliance.

Although there are many home distillers of different price categories on the market, experienced moonshiners prefer to make equipment on their own or place an order with trusted masters according to their own drawings and diagrams.

The benefit of this approach is not only cost savings. Often, a self-made moonshine still is more reliable and practical than most store models with incomprehensible elements that contradict the laws of physics, established only to attract the buyer and raise the price. Next, we will consider the classic design of a moonshine still (distiller), which has no equal in simplicity and efficiency.

Diagram of the operation of a moonshine still with a steam pot

Connecting elements

Intermediates play an important role. With the wrong choice of pipes or sealant, moonshine turns out to be cloudy, with a nasty aftertaste, foul smelling and even hazardous to health. Therefore, we will begin the consideration of the design with the connecting elements.

It is not necessary to "tightly" weld all the tubes together, this simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the apparatus, but during cleaning it causes a lot of problems.

The most commonly used transport systems are metal tubes made of stainless steel, aluminum or copper, as well as alcohol-inert food or medical silicone hoses. In terms of economy, safety, ease of maintenance and operation the best option are food grade stainless steel tubes.

It is important to be able to distinguish silicone hoses from those made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride, when in contact with hot steam, saturates alcohol with toxic substances). PVC burns with a lot of smoke and an unpleasant odor. When burned, silicone does not foul, leaves a subtle smell and light ash. Silicone tubes are much softer to the touch than PVC tubes, and their price is about twice as high.

Left - silicone, right - PVC

For branching bends, changing from one diameter to another and connecting different parts metal piping uses fittings and fittings that can be found in plumbing stores or construction markets. For the manufacture of moonshine, fittings made of brass, bronze and stainless steel (the best option) for heating networks are suitable, capable of withstanding high temperature and pressure. For the purpose of sealing, the use of heat-resistant glue and cold welding is allowed, the main thing is to avoid rubber gaskets.

You can also use organic matter to seal the tubes - ordinary dough, which does not affect the distillate. There are two disadvantages: it takes a lot of time to knead and seal the joints, and after distillation, the dried dough has to be scraped off.

Dough sealing - touching ancient traditions followed by scraping 🙂

The assembled moonshine still must be sealed. If steam seeps through the tubes, it is best to stop distillation, let the equipment cool down, fix the breakdown, and only then continue the distillation. Depressurization is not only dangerous by the occurrence of a fire, but also leads to significant losses of moonshine (10-70%).

Distillation cube

It is a container in which the wash boils during the heating process. Parameters:

1. Material. Aluminum - most often found in "Soviet" moonshine stills due to the widespread use of aluminum milk cans. Aluminum partially reacts with acids and alcohol in the wash, therefore, with frequent use, aluminum stills (especially old ones) become unusable after six months - a leak appears.

Enameled dishes are neutral to acids and alcohols. If used correctly (without bumps and scratches to the enamel), it can last 3-5 years even with regular use.

Food grade stainless steel is the best and most reliable option, but stainless steel cubes are expensive, often under their guise they sell ordinary steel with zinc or nickel plating, which is not so durable.

Copper cubes are also suitable, although in most cases this is an unreasonably expensive solution, especially for novice moonshiners.

2. Volume and dimensions. The volume of the distillation cube depends on the needs of the moonshiner, the best option for home use- 25-35 liters.

Attention! For safety reasons, the distillation cube can be filled with mash to a maximum of 80% of its volume, take this into account when choosing a container. It is also very important that the lid is removable and that the neck is wide enough to comfortably clean the container after distillation.

The volume of the cube is calculated based on the needs for the finished product. For example, in a container of 30 liters for one distillation, you can get up to 2.88 liters of pure alcohol (or 7.2 liters of moonshine with a strength of 40%). The maximum load of mash is 24 liters (30 * 0.8 = 24). The average strength of a correctly made mash is 12%. The amount of distillate at the outlet is 24 * 0.12 = 2.88 (in terms of absolute alcohol with a strength of 100%). In practice, there will always be a loss of moonshine of 8-15%.

Don't forget about the size. The alembic should at least be placed on a stove or other heating element, be stable and not block the approach to the entire apparatus. This is the foundation of safety engineering.

3. Choosing a suitable container. Often, home moonshine still uses containers that were originally intended for other needs: milk cans, pressure cookers or roomy enamel pots.

The cube must be reliable - it will expand when heated, withstand high temperature and pressure (180-220 Pa). Homemade welded containers are very dangerous, as there is a risk that the weld will burst at the most inopportune moment.

A significant drawback of pressure cooker cubes is their small volume, but these containers are initially sealed. The only rework required is to drill a hole in the lid for the steam pipe. described in a separate article.

Do not overtake a lot of mash in a pressure cooker at a time - the cube volume is too small

Enamel pots are convenient in that the distilled mash can not be poured, but immediately put on distillation as it is (this is wrong, since the heated sediment increases the amount of harmful impurities in the moonshine, impairs the aroma and taste). The disadvantage of the pan is that it is difficult to seal the lid.

A milk can, made of aluminum or stainless steel, is the most practical solution. The only drawback of cans requiring mandatory elimination is the rubber gasket on the lid. The fact is that alcohol vapors absorb substances from rubber, this negatively affects the quality, taste and smell of moonshine. The rubber gaskets must be replaced with silicone ones (made from aquarium silicone).

A can with built-in heating elements is cheap and practical. Top two holes for steam and thermometer

How to make a distillation cube of a moonshine still from a can

It is not enough to correctly determine the volume of the container, you also need to prepare the cube for use - drill a hole for steam, seal the lid and connections. Further we will consider the modification of the container using the example of an old milk can, but this method of sealing the lid is also suitable in other cases.

Canister finishing technology:

1. Remove the rubber gasket from the cover.

2. Apply aquarium silicone sealant to the metal edges of the lid and leave to dry completely. Repeat the procedure 2-3 more times.

3. Place cellophane on the neck of the can and close the lid. Leave for a couple of hours until completely dry. The result is a silicone seal that replaces the rubber gasket.

The resulting result

An alternative, simpler method of sealing is to wrap the rubber with an overlap with several layers of fum tape and boil it for 60 minutes in boiling water.

4. Make a hole in the lid of the can for connection with a coil or steam generator. If the inside diameter of the coil is 12 mm, a suitable pipe hole in the can is 22 mm and a thread of 0.5 inches. Adapters are sold at plumbing stores.

To prolong the life, wash the can after each distillation with soap and plenty of running water. It is strictly forbidden to use soda and other cleaning agents.

Moonshine refrigerator

Consists of two parts - a coil (swirling tube) and a reservoir for cooling this tube. The cooling compartment is the most important element of the entire structure, the functioning of which determines the quantity and quality of moonshine.

Coil parameters

1. Material. It must not react with alcohol (or have minimal contact), be safe and non-toxic, withstand high temperatures (up to 100 ° C), and have high thermal conductivity. Based on the requirements, four options are possible: copper, aluminum, stainless steel (grades for food products) and glass.

Copper has the highest thermal conductivity, another advantage is the comparative ease of processing (soldering is possible). But this material has one feature - the copper coil requires periodic cleaning with vinegar or citric acid with boiling water (preferably after each distillation), otherwise the plaque accumulated after oxidation with alcohol will negatively affect the quality of the moonshine.

All moonshiners who complain about copper do not clean their machines well. In the world practice of distilling, copper is considered the best or even the only permitted material (France, Scotland) for the manufacture of distillers (alambiks). Slight oxidation of copper with alcohol helps to improve taste, since it reduces the amount of impurities with a bad smell, and increases the concentration of substances that make moonshine soft.

The second most conductive material for the coil is aluminum (1.6 times worse than copper). The advantages of aluminum are availability, low cost and ease of processing. But there is also a drawback - minimal oxidation, which, unlike copper, does not emit into moonshine nutrients therefore aluminum coils are not very common.

In terms of thermal conductivity, food grade stainless steel is 3-4 times inferior to copper. But this material does not react with alcohol and does not oxidize. Another disadvantage, along with low thermal conductivity, is the comparative complexity of processing.

It is not possible to make a glass coil at home; without special equipment, it is easier to buy a ready-made laboratory device. Glass is inert to alcohol, but very fragile and has low thermal conductivity.

Copper coil is the best, but needs regular cleaning

2. Dimensions and thickness of the tube. The longer the tube, the larger the contact area of ​​the steam with the cooling element. But there is also side effect long length - the hydraulic resistance increases (condensed vapors move through the tube already in a liquid state), which reduces the speed of the run.

The optimal length of the coil tube (up to the bend) is 1.5-2 meters.

The larger the inner diameter of the coil (section), the lower the hydraulic resistance and the more efficient the cooling (due to the increase in the contact area of ​​the steam with the walls). But tubes of very large diameter are bulky, require a lot of water for cooling and are difficult to process, so you have to look for a “middle ground”.

The minimum wall thickness increases thermal conductivity, which improves the condensation of alcohol vapors. But too thin tubes are very fragile and with intensive use of the moonshine still break quickly.

Suitable coil thickness is 0.9-1.1 mm.

3. Orientation in space. There are three connection options: horizontal, vertical and inclined.

All other things being equal, the vertical position of the coil is the most correct, since the condensed moonshine flows into the receiving tank by gravity, without creating obstacles to the movement of alcohol vapors. Steam can be fed into the vertical coil from the top or bottom. To minimize resistance, correctly route steam to the top.

Refrigerator tank parameters

1. Substance. At home, the coil is cooled with air, water or ice. The overwhelming majority of designs use water cooling, as the simplest and most effective.

Air Cooling - Nice Look, But Low Efficiency

2. Scheme of heat removal. Systems are open (run on running water) and closed (water remains in the tank without circulating, for example, the coil is lowered into a bucket). In terms of implementation and economy, closed systems are simpler and more profitable, but they cool the coil worse, which increases the loss of moonshine and has a bad effect on quality.

A bucket is a classic example of a closed water cooling circuit

Flow-through circuits are more difficult to manufacture, use more water or energy for pumping (to ensure the circulation of a stable volume of water in order to save), but they require a smaller reservoir and, all other things being equal, produce a high quality distillate.

From a properly made refrigerator (coil plus water circulation system), moonshine comes out cold or at room temperature, but not warm or hot. At the same time, it is important to select the optimal heating intensity (do not exceed the maximum allowable heat supply power) so that the entire system can effectively cope with steam condensation.

3. Direction of water supply. It is correct to supply water to the refrigerator from the bottom, and remove it from the top so that the water moves towards the steam, creating a counterflow, otherwise the lower part of the coil will not cool well.

Refrigerator (cooler) manufacturing

You will need a copper, aluminum or stainless steel tube with a length of 1.5-2 meters, a diameter of 8-12 mm and a wall thickness of 0.9-1.1 mm. A plastic or metal pipe with a diameter of 75-80 mm is suitable as a reservoir for installing a coil. A drawing of a moonshine refrigerator is shown in the photo.

Sequencing:

1. Fill the coil tube with sand, soda or other dry, free-flowing material so that the metal does not flatten when curling. If there are no bulk materials at hand, the tube can simply be filled with water and frozen.

2. Hammer the ends with wooden pegs (chopiks) so that the sand does not spill out. Can be clamped tightly or soldered. It is advisable to weld a nut to one end.

3. Wind the tube onto any smooth, cylindrical object with a flat cross-section of a suitable diameter (according to the drawing - 35 mm). The pitch between the turns is 12 mm.

The number of turns in the coil is not of fundamental importance, with the values ​​of length, diameter and thickness indicated in the article, it is correct to make a step between the turns of 12 mm.

4. Loosen the ends of the finished coil. Pour out sand, rinse with water under pressure.

5. On the cooler body, install the pipes for water supply and drainage.

6. Place the coil inside the body. Install plugs at the top and bottom. Seal all connections.

Ready-assembled cooler

The speed of the cooler of this design is up to 3 liters of moonshine per hour.

Sukopotnik and bubbler

Optional, but desirable (especially for beginners) moonshine modules.

A dry pot is a sealed glass or metal container between a distillation cube and a refrigerator, falling into which the vapors are first cooled, and then some of the substances boil again and move into the coil.

The principle of operation of the dry steam tank. Due to a sharp decrease in pressure (the volumes of the supply tube and the can differ by hundreds of times), the temperature drops, as a result, the steam passes into the liquid phase (condenses), but is immediately heated by a new portion of hot steam from the cube, again turning into a gaseous state. But some of the water and fusel oils with a high boiling point do not have time to boil during this short instant of a change in the state of aggregation and remain at the bottom of the container.

Bubbler in a moonshine still- a device designed to pass alcohol vapors through a layer of liquid (water). Structurally, it differs from a dry steam tank only by the presence of water in the container before the start of distillation (not always), and by the fact that the steam supply pipe is lowered into the can almost to the bottom. The purpose and principle of operation of the bubbler are the same as those of the dry steam generator.

Connected steam room Bubbler - the steam supply pipe is lowered closer to the bottom, the distillate is flavored with lemon zest

Advantages of the suction tank (bubbler):

• is a protection against splashing - the ingress of mash into the finished moonshine when the heating is too strong;
• makes the distillate stronger;
• cleans moonshine from some fusel oils (only a small part);
• allows you to flavor alcohol during distillation (just put citrus fruit zest, apple pieces, etc. in the jar).

It is advisable to use one dry steamer or bubbler in the moonshine still. The sequential installation of 2-6 pieces only leads to an increase in the strength of the moonshine, but does not affect the cleaning.

If the moonshine is strong at the exit, for example, even 80-90 degrees, this does not mean that the drink is well purified, it is just that there is water left in the dry steamers and (or) bubblers, which should have condensed in the coil, reducing the strength of the distillate. All harmful impurities that can be cleaned with a dry steamer remain in the first can, and in the following cans only water is removed from the moonshine. You should not think that, according to the degree of purification, 6-8 dry chambers can replace rectification or fractional distillation, this is physically impossible.

How to make a dry pot or bubbler

The volume of the container of the dry steam chamber (bubbler) should be 10 times less than the volume of the distillation cube.

You will need:

• a glass jar with a metal lid or other sealed container;
• 2 fittings;
• 2 nuts;
• marker;
• awl;
• heat resistant glue or cold welding.

Instructions:

1. Mark the diameter of the holes in the places of the proposed connection: attach the fitting to the cover and circle it with a marker.

2. Make holes. The easiest option is to drive the awl along the drawn lines until the metal of the cover is rubbed through.

3. Install the fittings and secure with nuts. To seal the holes from the outside and inside cold welding or heat resistant glue.

Inner side

Outer side

The sequence of making a bubbler

4. When connecting to a moonshine still, it should be borne in mind that the inlet tube should be 15-30 mm lower than the outlet tube in the dry steamer (it is lowered deeper into the jar). In the bubbler, the incoming tube runs along the entire height of the can, without touching the bottom at a distance of 2-3 cm.

If the bubbler is connected incorrectly (steam is supplied through the short end, but tries to escape through the long end), the pressure in the can increases significantly and an explosion can occur!

There is only one drawback of bubblers and dryers from the can - there is no drain for the accumulated liquid (you have to unscrew it), and with fractional distillation, it is advisable to clean the container before taking the "body" (main fraction).

A more sophisticated steamer with a drain

Moonshine heating methods

1. Open fire. In most cases, this means heating on a gas stove or a burner, but there are also coal and firewood. The advantages of this method are: simplicity, availability and often economy.

Flaws:

• high inertia - it will not work to quickly reduce or increase the power, as a result, it is difficult to control the temperature in the cube, experience is required;
• it is very difficult to insulate the distillation cube to reduce heat loss in order to save;
• the installation of automation is practically useless;
• high fire hazard of open fire.

Distillation in the open air with wood. What apparatus, so is the color of moonshine

2. Built-in electric heating elements. Devices (one or several at once) are mounted directly into the cube. Heating elements made of stainless steel or brass are suitable.

Advantages:

• fast temperature change (high controllability);
• the ability to mount automation and insulate the cube.

Flaws:

• solid particles can stick to the working surface of heating elements, careful filtration of the mash is required before distillation;
• often heating with electricity is more expensive than gas heating;
• heating elements burn out from time to time.

3. Induction hob. Powered by electricity, it is stationary and portable (it is used more often in home brewing).

Advantages:

• low inertia - fast change of heating intensity;
• good temperature control - induction cookers are equipped with automation, no need to install separate blocks;
• in comparison with heating elements, they evenly heat the entire surface of the bottom of the cube, burning of the wash happens in rare cases.

Flaws:

• the cost of an induction cooker is quite high;
• you can use only distillation stills made of materials containing a magnet (stainless steel, cast iron), while aluminum and copper containers without magnetic inserts welded to the bottom are not suitable for heating.

Only stainless steel and cast iron cubes can be heated on an induction hob

4. Heating with steam (steam generator). First, the water is brought to a boil and fed directly to the container or to the outer walls. The system allows you to control (automate) the entire process and eliminate the risk of burning, therefore it is suitable for distilling thick mash. But in view of the complexity of the design implementation and the need to purchase (manufacture) special equipment (steam generator), it will not be further considered here.

Installing thermometers in a moonshine still

Temperature measurement can be dispensed with, but a correctly installed thermometer allows you to change the container on time when fractional distillation and adjust the intensity of heating.

In moonshine stills, three types of thermometers are used (according to the principle of operation):

• bimetallic - a metal tape or spiral acts as a sensor;
• electronic - a special conductor changes resistance when the temperature fluctuates;
• digital - measurements are recorded due to pressure changes.

The most reliable are bimetallic thermometers, but the accuracy of these devices leaves much to be desired. Electronic thermometers are much more accurate, but with the slightest impact they can break or show the wrong temperature. Digital thermometers are the leaders in accuracy, but they are expensive.

During distillation, you cannot completely rely on the thermometer readings, especially the first times when the operating modes of a home-made moonshine still have not been tested. Temperature values ​​are auxiliary data. At the exit, the moonshine should be cold or at room temperature, and with fractional distillation, divide the output into fractions correctly according to pure alcohol, sugar content in the mash or smell (the method of experienced distillers).

Fastening. A thermometer in a moonshine still can be installed at the exit from the cube (in the upper part) or in front of the entrance to the refrigerator. The second option is preferable, as it allows you to measure the temperature of the steam before condensation. But a thermometer in a cube (the first case) shows the degree of heating of the mash, which is also important. Conclusion: if possible, it is advisable to mount two thermometers at once.

Thermometers can be placed on a cube or in front of the refrigerator

For installation, it is enough to make a hole, the diameter of which coincides with the diameter of the installation cylinder of the thermometer (Velcro and plastic clips are not suitable). From the inside, fix the cylinder with a bolt and secure the structure with a nut. Then insert the thermometer itself.

Attention! At the first start, the home-made moonshine still should be tested by distilling water, and not immediately pouring the mash. Distilling water is safer, immediately shows problems (if any) and flushes all parts of the structure well.

Sooner or later, everyone who has tried home-made moonshine at least once (or its variations - cognac, bourbon, liqueur, etc.) is set to do the same, only even better. First, the owners are interrogated - as best they could, but teach, show, borrow. This is the first wave of moonshiners. After that, the study of the Internet begins in the hope of finding, how to make a moonshine still with your own hands... This is the most inquisitive wave that tries to sort out tons of information, what is true and what is false. We have already talked about how to make and assemble the individual parts of the unit, now it's time to talk about how to assemble a full-fledged apparatus.

The history of the moonshine still

For the first time they learned about moonshine back in the 4th century AD, when a Chinese alchemist compared the drink with clear wine distilled 9 times. His technology in different times used by the Greeks, Romans and even the Egyptians.

This is how, according to official documents, one of the first moonshine stills developed by the ancient Greeks looked like.

But if this unit was for the most part made of stone, then the Arabs went further and made the structure already from copper. This allowed the mash to warm up evenly, gradually, completely remove fusel oils (recall, extremely harmful to health) and create a drink suitable for internal use.

The term alcohol was also proposed by the Arabs; in literal translation, the word meant an intoxicating drink - al gogol.

In the 9th century, a coil was invented in Persia - a copper tube was bent into several turns, but still left in the air for cooling.

From the 10th century, with the filing of alchemists and healers, the flourishing of moonshine literally begins, combined with the development of recipes for potions and elixirs. At the same time, in Italy, the monk Valentius declares that he invented the water of life, which is capable of transforming old people into young men. Needless to say, it was moonshine?

In the 15th century, Basil Valentine came up with the idea of ​​lowering the coil in cold water in order to achieve an increase in alcohol condensate, and this was the starting point for the creation of a modern apparatus with a distillation cube, refrigerator and dry steam generator.

This is how the device looked in the 16th century (the principle of operation has been preserved to this day):

1. Vat for heating the tincture
2. Tube for supplying hot tincture to a cube
3. Stove
4. Cap
5. Swan neck
6. Coil
7. Serpentine in the refrigerator
8. Refrigerator with cold water

The first moonshine still in Russia

In Russia, moonshine was first tested only in the 17th century, when a unit was brought from Venice to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a gift.

Until the 17th century from homemade alcoholic beverages in Russia they used only mead and home brew. And only in the 19th century with the help rectification column learned to create 96% high purity alcohol.

On this short excursion history is over, now it's time for modernity.

Buy or collect

There is no definite answer to this question. Of course, for a beginner, it is much more preferable to buy a ready-made device, when there is no need to look for individual parts and bring them to perfection. But, on the one hand, such a purchase can cause a hole in the budget - good apparatus with normal performance it will cost 15 thousand rubles or more, on the other - it is still more interesting to create and invent.

We will tell you how to make a moonshine still with your own hands, and from what materials.

To begin with, let's define what moonshine (distillate) is and how it differs from rectified. The principle of getting that one, that the other is absolutely identical. A sugar-containing (less often starch-based) mash is prepared, yeast is added, then within a certain time the mushrooms create a colony and secrete waste products. Actually, it is they who are the concentrate of various alcohols, of which only ethyl alcohol is suitable for ingestion.

Under the influence of temperature, the mash decomposes into a liquid residue and alcohol-containing vapors, which in the process of distillation decompose into gaseous and liquid fractions.

Even in the case of repeated running, it is not possible to clear the drink from all harmful impurities. The only way that allows you to get a perfectly pure product is rectification using a tsarg or rectification column. In this case, alcohol-containing vapors are divided into fractions in several stages. It is not easy to make a distillation column with your own hands, and a quite reasonable question arises - is it necessary to obtain pure alcohol in this way, if it can be bought at any pharmacy?

The rectificate is extremely harmful to health precisely because of its purity, since pure poison is absorbed by the body much faster and better than moonshine with a certain amount of harmful impurities. In addition, all famous drinks - bourbon, rum, whiskey, calvados, scotch, etc. - are made on the basis of distillate.

So, taking into account the above characteristics of moonshine, it is clear that the main stage of production consists in heating the alcohol-containing liquid to such a state when alcohol begins to separate. After that, it is also cooled before converting into a liquid fraction already in the form of a finished drink.

With this in mind, you can determine the main components of the moonshine still:

• distillation cube, where the mash is heated to the required temperature;
• refrigerator - a storage or flowing container with cold water, where the coil is cooled;
• coil - a spiral tube made of copper, stainless steel or glass, through which alcohol-containing steam moves and is divided into fractions;
• dry pot - catcher of fusel oils and mash residues;
• receiving tank - the place where the chilled moonshine flows;
• connecting elements.

This is the first and main element of the moonshine still, on which the efficiency and final taste depend.

Most often, milk cans, pressure cookers (multicooker), beer kegs are used as it. Less often, a distillation cube is made with your own hands from stainless steel or steel, welding them into a container, but this option is not reliable. On the one hand, the mash will stick to the stainless steel, and you won't be able to stir it due to its tightness. On the other hand, the slightest error in the welding seam can lead to the fact that when the wash boils, when the pressure reaches 180-220 Pa, the cube will simply burst.

How to make a distillation cube from a can

This is the simplest version of the alembic, since the can is relatively airtight, especially when it comes to a new container. But his "adaptation" for distillation has its own peculiarities.

The rubber gasket on the lid of the can is categorically not suitable for heating - the mash will absorb a specific aroma that will not slow down to affect the taste of the finished drink. It is best to use silicone gaskets, and even better - aquarium silicone. Experts advise using food-grade silicone as such gaskets, from which baked goods are made for the form. But in general, this particular option is suitable for sealing the lid and will not give either taste or smell.

How to make a silicone airtight gasket correctly

This process is carried out in several stages, at least there should be three of them. First apply aquarium silicone sealant to the edges of the lid, let it dry completely, apply the second and third, also leaving time to dry. After applying the third layer, put ordinary cellophane on the neck of the can and close the lid. Leave it on for a few hours to completely dry the silicone. The result is a truly sealed vessel that can be used for several years.

To prevent the can from becoming like a colander over time, wash it thoroughly after each use. You can use regular or laundry soap and plenty of running water. It is strictly forbidden to use soda. Stainless steel or aluminum reacts very badly to alkali.

If you don't want to change the rubber gasket to silicone, you can simply wrap it with several overlapping layers of fum tape. This is also a fairly tight connection.

Some "experienced" moonshiners recommend using dough to seal the joint. Why not? It seems to be a decent sealant, and it smells like bread in the room, and not like booze during cooking. But! After the first volumetric distillation, when you have to start the unit several times, you will constantly scrape off the dough and glue a new one. Dough scraps all over the kitchen, broken nails and wasted time are unlikely to make the process enjoyable.

To connect the can to the coil on the lid, make a hole for a 22 mm pipe and a 12 mm coil using a 0.5 inch thread. You can buy an adapter at a plumbing store.

What else to look for when choosing a flask for a moonshine still:

• the material of manufacture is stainless steel, since aluminum will withstand a small number of cycles;
• a minimum volume of 25 liters to get 4-4.5 liters of moonshine at the output;
• wide neck, which is convenient to work with - pour the mash and wash after cooking;
• wall thickness and overall quality assemblies - directly dependent on the price, and provides a normal service life.

Distiller (moonshine still) based on a milk can

How to make a distillation cube from a pressure cooker (multicooker)

Diagram of a moonshine still based on a pressure cooker:

This is the minimum program for a beginner. Today, every second person tries to make a moonshine still with his own hands from a pressure cooker. And there is a completely logical explanation for this:

• price - the cost of the most inexpensive pressure cooker is 1500-1700 rubles, which is quite acceptable for any budget;
• tightness is an absolutely sealed device that does not require any additional manipulations;
• ease of insertion of fittings into the lid - everyone can handle this.

The downside, it should be noted, is much more significant than all the advantages - this is the volume. The bowl of the largest household pressure cooker is only 6 liters, respectively, the mash will fit only 4.5 liters, since the volume of the total should not exceed 2/3 parts. With this amount of home brew, after double distillation, you will get a little less than 750 ml of moonshine. You can try, but you will hardly be able to taste it.

In the place of the valve on the cover, screw the fitting to which you attach the connecting hose (silicone or copper).

If you don't want to reinvent the wheel and look for a suitable option for making a cube, get a ready-made one. The average price of such an element depends on the volume - 12-liter up to 4000 rubles, 25-liter - from 5500 rubles, etc.

Moonshine still from a pressure cooker with a steamer on the video:

Refrigerator

An equally important element of a home-made moonshine still, on which the speed of distillation and the volume of the finished drink depend.

If the water in the refrigerator is not cold enough, the volume of moonshine is reduced by 15-20%.

Moonshine refrigerators are divided into 2 types:

• flowing;
• cumulative.

In running water, as the name suggests, it constantly moves through the coil, not having time to heat up. In order to make such a unit, it is enough to bring two hoses to the container - the incoming, as a rule, from the tap, and the outgoing - from where the water comes out into the sink.

Accumulative is a closed container, where water is first poured and drained as it warms up. This is the worst version of the refrigerator, since it does not fully and constantly cool the coil, thereby reducing condensation and reducing the amount of the final product.

A storage cooler is installed only if it is not possible to make a flow-through one. Precisely there is no opportunity, not laziness or no time.

Flow-through refrigerator for moonshine still

This type of equipment is quite compact in size, where the main area is occupied by the coil. The refrigerator itself is closed on both sides, but two pipes are connected to it - receiving and discharging water. Making a refrigerator with your own hands is not difficult, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure that it is even in relation to the apparatus so that the water moves constantly.

A flow-through refrigerator is more efficient, in contrast to a storage refrigerator, even with a smaller coil size. At the junction of the two media, the tube is instantly cooled, which ensures faster separation of fractions.

You will need:

• weaving pipe and adapter - 300 mm;
• 2 meters of bellows hose for coil;
• half-inch nipples;
• 3 half-inch nuts;
• soldering iron;
• gun and silicone;

Procedure:

2. Make holes on the pipe and cut the plastic with a knife

7. All that fonites and comes through, fill with sealant, the vessel must be completely sealed.

As such a device, a bucket or tank with a volume of about 20-30 liters is usually used, where a hole is made in the lower segment for a collection of water.

In non-flowing devices, water is always drained from the top, and always poured into the refrigerator from the bottom.

The simplest and most affordable is a regular plastic bucket. In winter, it is easier with such an improvised device, since you can put snow or ice, which is much better for cooling the coil than water.

When choosing a storage refrigerator, try to keep the temperature in the distillation cube on a minimum fire in order to reduce the amount of alcohol-containing steam released and, as a result, increase the volume of the finished moonshine.

To test how efficiently the coil is cooling, periodically sample the dispensed moonshine on your wrist. Ideally, it should be cool, worse if warm, and very bad when the drink is hot - in this case, a third of the steam comes out unprocessed. In addition, it is also dangerous, since the distillation cube is heated over an open fire, alcohol can catalyze and there will be a big trouble.

Coil

Copper is the best coil material. It is a relatively inert material that does not react with alcohol materials, has good thermal conductivity and an adequate price.

Those who are really professionally engaged in the preparation of moonshine only have a copper moonshine still based on such a coil. Any experiments. Including those with fragile glass, they are fraught with loss of the quality of the drink and raw materials.

How to make a coil

Before proceeding with the description, we note that a coil is a tube connected to a distillation still (if there is a dry pot, with it) and placed in cold water, through which alcohol-containing vapors move and the fractions are separated into gas and moonshine.

The longer the coil and the more compact its spirals, the more the steam is cooled and the greater the amount of condensate.

You will need:

• copper tube with a diameter of 15-20 mm and a length of 2000 mm;
• base for screwing the tube, fixed in a vice.

Before starting to wind the tube onto the base, it must be filled with sand. This is done in order to exclude sagging or one-sided deformation, which will further retain condensate. Close the tube with a wooden or cardboard chop on one side, pour sand in a thin stream, periodically tapping it on the table so that the sand is well compacted. When the tube is clogged to the eyeballs, close the other end with a similar chop and start winding it onto the base, making even turns and trying not to touch each other.

This is what a ready-made coil looks like, which is immersed in the refrigerator and connected with hoses through fittings with a cube or dry steam generator.

This completes the assembly of the mandatory elements of the moonshine still, it remains only to find out which hoses can be used and which materials are acceptable when working with alcohol.

In the meantime, let's focus on such an optional but extremely useful device like

Sukhoparnik

We do not know if there were any discussions about the need for a dry tank in those ancient times, which was written at the beginning of the article. But now there is a fierce debate on this issue. Some insist that fusel oils should be removed as much as possible, while others claim that it is useless and a waste of time.

Without actively taking either one or the other position, we will cite only dry facts.

The dry pot is really not an integral part of the moonshine still, and install it at will. Structurally, this capacity is 10 times smaller in volume than the distillation cube, which is located between it and the coil.

The main task of the steam generator is to instantly reduce pressure and, as a result, temperature due to different media. When steam enters this container, it suddenly becomes liquid, but immediately it is pushed out by the next portion of hot alcohol-containing steam from the cube. And although this is only an instant, during this time part of the fusel oils has time to settle on the walls of the dry greenhouse. With a double, or even triple distillation, practically no fusel remains in ready-made drink, which has a very beneficial effect on well-being.

How does a dry steam tank work according to the laws of physics

At a time when water is boiling in the distillation still, alcohol begins to stand out and evaporate. Taking into account the fact that boiling is a rather violent process, the alcohol fractions have time to "pick up" the heavier fractions of fusel oils. Probably everyone has heard that moonshine is often called fusel oil - precisely because of the characteristic smell that fusel oils emit. The less fuselage in the moonshine, the less aggressive its aroma and more acceptable taste. It will not be possible to completely get rid of oils, this can only be obtained using a distillation column, but no one set as their goal to get medical alcohol.

The vast majority of alcoholic beverages are bourbon, whiskey, rum, calvados, etc. made on the basis of moonshine with a certain amount of fusel oils. The production process differs in nuances, but in general it is the most commonplace distillation of mash.

Catching fusel oils with a dry steamer allows you to make the drink, on the one hand, less robust and "fragrant", on the other hand, it is safer for health with an almost imperceptible feeling of a hangover (if used wisely).

Particularly widespread is the use of three dry tanks at once, located relative to each other in a cascade. With such an organization, the strength of the drink reaches 80% already on the first run. It will indeed be a very high-quality and maximally purified product that can be consumed immediately after distillation, and not wait until it is purified with a charcoal filter or potassium permanganate.

Three cans in a cascade is the optimal amount. Less is not enough, more is a waste of time, because after the third can, each subsequent one does not perform any function.

How to make a dry pot from a can

We remind you that the volume of the container should be 10 times less than the volume of the distillation cube. If you have a 20-liter cube, take a 2-liter jar, for 30 - respectively, a 3-liter one.

The method for preparing such an element is quite simple and suitable for any volume. All manipulations are carried out with the lid - holes are made and fittings are cut. Then the lid can be put on any jar with a threaded neck.

You will need:

• screw cap from the can;
• 2 fittings;
• connecting tubes.

Cut 2 holes in the lid - they can be made with a screwdriver in a circle or with a knife, so that there are no burrs.

Insert fittings and connect with hoses.

The steamer is placed immediately after the distillation cube. Anywhere else, it is useless. It is necessary to periodically drain the accumulated liquid so that the excess does not get into the coil and does not spoil the taste and aroma of the product.

By the way, the dry stew can be used not only as a fusel oil trap, but also as a moonshine flavoring agent. Here, the same process of sharp cooling of the steam and its movement takes place, but with the collected amber of berries or herbs.

As an aromatic component in a jar, you can use:

• dried fruits - apples, pears, apricots;
• berries - any, preferably dried, they give off more smell;
• spices - any to taste, you can hops, suneli, cinnamon, vanilla, etc.;
• aromatic herbs;
• citrus fruits - orange peel, lemon zest.

Since such an aroma binding will be subtle and completely tasteless, you can try the most various additives... In this case, experiments will only be beneficial, even if the result is not impressive.

Connecting tubes

The finished moonshine still is a detachable connection of all required elements using threaded connections. There is no need to look for additional pipes and choose their quality in order to connect everything together.

There are completely non-detachable connections, for example, the lids of the alembic, the steam chamber and the refrigerator. This is done to facilitate labor and installation.

You can, of course, make the work easier when assembling a home-made moonshine still by connecting all three pipes by welding, but this will not in any way affect the taste of the final product, but leaving it can make it very difficult.

The best way to connect the elements is a silicone hose. Some people do not understand the difference between PVC and silicone and do not even pay much attention to their choice. Let's explain - PVC is non-inert material with respect to alcohol. Upon contact with hot alcohol-containing steam and alcohol, PVC releases toxic substances, which in a high degree of concentration are destructive to humans. It is clear that nothing will happen to you in 1-2 times, but if we are talking about systemic use, it is better to refuse such a connection.

How to distinguish silicone from polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Set fire to a piece of both material. PVC burns hard, smoky, with a very specific smell. Silicone burns with a subtle aroma, does not smoke, after combustion, light ash remains.

Silicone is much more pleasant to the touch than PVC, it seems to be silky.

If suddenly you are faced with a dilemma - silicone or pvc - outside in frost, know that silicone remains flexible and elastic even at -10, and polyvinyl chloride hardens, although it does not lose its properties.

Which metal is suitable for use

Despite the abundance of opinions on this matter, there can be only one definite answer - food grade stainless steel. It is this material that does not react with any of the elements in the moonshine chain, it is easy to maintain and operate. And for all the time it does not form deposits of little use for health.

Previously, it was believed that copper was "the head of everything", since copper moonshine was ubiquitous. However, this is a misconception. Copper became actively used in Soviet times. Since it was an affordable material both in price and in quantity. If we talk about the really correct tincture, then there is nothing better to find an oak barrel. Oxygen appears through its walls, aldehydes and ethers evaporate, which, by the way, are formed, among other things, upon contact with the hot alcohol vapor of the copper elements of the apparatus.

Aluminum reacts negatively to vinegar, which is always present in the mash. At the same time, poisonous salts are released - alum.

Also considered optimal is glass, which is inert (inactive) to aggressive environments, but the kitchen of a moonshiner is not much like a laboratory, moreover, this material is very fragile.

Of course, poisoning or dying is more likely from general intoxication with alcohol abuse or the purchase of low-quality products than from copper oxide. Moreover, as a coil, copper has no analogues at all in terms of thermal conductivity and manufacturability. Therefore, a combined combination of materials is quite justified. It can be a stainless food steel cube or an aluminum can, and a refrigerator with a copper coil in a stainless or plastic case.

And finally, a video on how to make a moonshine still with your own hands

A moonshine still is a difficult device, but necessary for everyone who loves an unusual taste. homemade alcohol... A standard moonshine still consists of a distillation still, a coil, a refrigerator and sedimentation tanks. There are many such devices, they differ in price, shape, size, materials and components. The copper moonshine still is especially popular. It has a high coefficient of thermal conductivity and allows you to get maximum performance. Let's figure out how to design a copper moonshine still, drawings.

Moonshine still diagram

The most common material for making a moonshine still is stainless steel for food. However, many people prefer copper. What are the advantages of copper over stainless steel? The device from it will cost much more, but, besides this, it has other interesting properties:

• Copper machines are used to make high quality drinks such as whiskey, cognac or brandy. The fact is that some compounds that appear in the mash, in particular, sulfur oxides - a product of sugar fermentation, give the drink a characteristic bitter smell and taste. This can be avoided by using a copper machine that kills these antioxidants. Thus, copper removes unwanted tastes and odors from food.
• The most striking difference between copper is its high thermal conductivity, which affects not only the performance of the device, but also the taste of the product. This is due to the chemical processes of the components of the mixture with copper.
• Copper moonshine still has high reliability.
• In addition, an important characteristic of such a device is environmental friendliness and safety. This refers to a comparison with materials such as plastic or aluminum. Plastics are known to release hazardous substances. And aluminum does have contraindications for use in the food industry, since, according to some reports, it is toxic to the human body and can cause Alzheimer's disease.
• There is no doubt also that this device has a very attractive appearance.

But the copper apparatus has its own drawbacks, for example, copper oxidizes rather quickly. Therefore, after each home brewing, the device may be covered with a thin film that needs to be cleaned. This is done using lemon juice... In addition, such devices are not new, but have not yet spread, so it is rather difficult to buy them.

Only a few manufacturers of moonshine still offer copper options, but more often than not, they are quite expensive. Another advantage of the copper apparatus is the ability to accurately supply the water temperature, as well as turn off the latter. With a copper apparatus, you do not have to worry about the health of the coil, pipe, and subsequent filtration of the moonshine. The copper apparatus allows you to set a high quality product without unnecessary hassle.

Diy moonshine still

Before you start making a copper moonshine still with your own hands, you need to understand how it works. The principle of operation of the moonshine still is as follows: the home brew is in a vessel, which is intended for it to boil in it. Then it passes through the tubes, where it cools and condenses, and then enters the vessel in a purified form.

It is in changing the physical state of the liquid that the principle of operation of any distiller or moonshine still lies. Having roughly understood how the equipment works, we begin to manufacture it. For this you will need:

• A large diameter pipe that will be used to cool the steam.
• A vessel for boiling the mash. The main requirement is the tightness of the card. Many people use a stainless steel or brass kettle for this purpose, as well as cans, beer kegs and more. But it is best that it also be made of copper. The container should not be too large, 10–20 liters.
• Dishes for collecting moonshine. You can use a glass jar.

In addition, the construction will need rubber gaskets, clamps and wire. It is best to use a hose not made of rubber as pipes in a moonshine, but made of silicone.

Then there will be fewer foreign smells and tastes. The quality of the product will be much higher.

In order to work with all of these materials, you need to get a pair of pliers. After preparing all the tools and materials, we get to work. We start by taking a vessel for boiling the mash. We make a hole in the upper part of it and connect the copper pipes. Next, we begin to make a coil, which is a wound pipe. Separately, it should be said about the coil.

Many moonshiners believe that copper moonshine stills are not the most best idea... In their opinion, copper is toxic. But in reality, this is not at all the case. Moreover, in most moonshine stills from various materials can be made of copper coil. Although in order to make it, in principle, you can use both aluminum and stainless steel. But copper greatly benefits in comparison with these metals, first of all, in terms of thermal conductivity, but not only.

To make a coil, prepare a pipe onto which a thinner copper tube will twist. To prevent the pipe from deforming, fill it with sand or other material. After that, you can start winding up. Secure one end of the pipe so that it does not slide and twist the coil to the desired distance. Then secure the other end of the pipe.

Finally, you can free the pipe from sand and heavy materials. Another important point: the refrigerator must represent cooling with running water, and the pipe must fit into it completely, for maximum performance and product quality.

After the coil is made, we connect the receiving container. During the manufacturing process, you need to pay attention to the fact that there are no traffic jams. Any obstruction to the movement of liquid through copper pipes can cause them to be severely damaged or even explode. It is very important to monitor the tightness of the container. If it is not possible to close the distillation cube completely, you must use a sealant.

It is important to keep an eye on the direction of the steam when making a copper still. It is correct that it goes from top to bottom, so the device will work more efficiently. For the accuracy of the calculation, it is best to draw an approximate diagram, where the location of pipes and containers will be indicated, so as not to make mistakes and not spoil the material. The distiller made is best tested with ordinary water. If the test passed without problems, you can start cleaning the mash.

Consider another option for making a moonshine still, which is even more effective in cleaning moonshine. It is a distillation column. A conventional moonshine still works on the principle of a distiller. Rectification is a slightly different process. It provides a constant interaction of the liquid and gaseous phases, as a result of which the separation of the liquid into components is obtained. Rectification makes it possible to obtain a high alcohol strength.

The best option for the manufacture of a rectification column is copper. It is an absolutely safe material for humans. The device must be made in such a way that the temperature in the upper part is 78 degrees, because alcohol boils with it. In this case, only temperature matters. If you are not well versed in this topic, do not make the drawing yourself, because you will make a lot of mistakes, it is preferable to take a ready-made one. The sequence of actions will be as follows:

• Draw the components of the apparatus on a sheet of copper.
• Give them shape.
• Make holes for the desired diameter.
• Solder the details. The soldering must be of very high quality so that there are no holes allowing vapor and liquid to pass through. It is best to use silver and lead soldering techniques and appropriate solder.

Thus, the manufacture of a copper apparatus is not very difficult and is quite feasible. Although, of course, the materials will be expensive, and the copper soldering process itself is difficult. But such a device is worth the money and time spent.